Women & Work
Percentage of Women in
Labor Force by Marital Status & Kids
Percentage of Women in Labor Force by Ethnicity/Race Historically
Women in the World Labor Force
The Gender/Race Wage Gap
The Wage Gap Over Time
The Gender/Wage Ratio
Average Women's Wage Loss
Average Women's Cumulative Wage Loss
Types of Work:
1. Wage Work
2. Reproductive/family labor
3. Informal labor
4. Community/volunteer labor
Productive / Unproductive
Women in the Work Force
Notice change over time between single women, and married women with children.
Which Women?
Notice how the historical trend of "All women" most closely matches the experience of "white women." How do women of color differ historically?
The above figures reflect women in the full-time wage labor force. When we consider women "who are economically active," the numbers jump even higher. This is clear especially on the global level....
Wage Labor and the Race/Gender Wage Gap
Average Wage Loss of Women compared to Men
Cumulative Effects
Why might women make less than men?
Any rational, legal, explanations?
Educational Achievement?
Occupational Segregation?
Women choose different work?
Let's see how that plays out at lower-income levels....
And at higher-income levels....
Or to put it another way....
Ending with the good news....what kind of work is this?