{"id":589,"date":"2017-03-27T11:38:33","date_gmt":"2017-03-27T18:38:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/?page_id=589"},"modified":"2022-12-03T12:08:39","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T20:08:39","slug":"589-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/?page_id=589","title":{"rendered":"Gender &#038; Sex lecture"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><em>Dr. Susana L. Gallardo<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Lecture notes:<\/em>\u00a0 Sex &amp; Gender<\/h1>\n<h6><em>rev. 1\/2020<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>What&#8217;s the difference between sex &amp; gender?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What are &#8220;traditional&#8221; ideas of gender?<\/li>\n<li>What are different theories of gender?<\/li>\n<li>Where do we see ideas of gender changing?<\/li>\n<li>What does it mean to &#8220;do gender&#8221;? Why does that matter?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 40px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span>\n<h2><strong>Sex<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A biological, physiological category.<\/li>\n<li>Scientifically verifiable.<\/li>\n<li>A set of characteristics by which we are assigned to one of two sexes at birth.<\/li>\n<li>Static<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 40px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span>\n<p><span class=\"style1\">Sex markers<\/span> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/images\/chromosomes.gif\" alt=\"Males and females share roughly 99.8% of their genes. \" width=\"248\" height=\"241\" align=\"right\" \/> include<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chromosomes: XX XY.<\/li>\n<li>Genitals<\/li>\n<li>hormones<\/li>\n<li>physical size, frame<\/li>\n<li>body hair, breast size, Adam&#8217;s apple, voice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 40px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span>\n<p><span class=\"style1\">Sex is a primary, fundamental organizing category in our society<\/span>\u2014bathrooms, institutions, education, marriage, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Premised on the gender binary<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Intersex<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&#8220;Sex&#8221; is so important that we surgically mutilate newborn babies that do not fit our expectations.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_606\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-606\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indiancountrymedianetwork.com\/news\/opinions\/two-spirits-one-heart-five-genders\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-606 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Osh-TischLakota2Spirit-300x183.png\" alt=\"Osh-Tisch was born a man, married a woman, but adorned himself and lived daily life as a woman. &quot;WINKT\u00c9&quot; is two spirit in Lakota (Indian Country Today https:\/\/indiancountrymedianetwork.com\/news\/opinions\/two-spirits-one-heart-five-genders\/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Osh-TischLakota2Spirit-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Osh-TischLakota2Spirit.png 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-606\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osh-Tisch, &#8220;Finds Them and Kills Them,&#8221; Lakota warrior, two-spirit, and his wife<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>civil rights issue &#8211; who decides?<\/li>\n<li>symbolic of importance our society places on sex (Why do we not modify hazel-eyed babies?) . Indian hijras.<\/li>\n<li>see the <a href=\"http:\/\/isna.org\">Intersex Society of N. America<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/isna.org\">check out their website<\/a>\u00a0Or <a href=\"http:\/\/interactadvocates.org\">InteractAdvocates.org<\/a> for an interesting read<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/10\/09\/third-gender-muxes_n_1949638.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-634\" src=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/muxesTehuantepec-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/muxesTehuantepec-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/muxesTehuantepec-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/muxesTehuantepec-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/muxesTehuantepec.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 40px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Gender<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;The way you identify&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>the two social roles our society typically associates with physiological sex.<\/li>\n<li>Stereotyped characteristics <em>ascribed<\/em> to sex, the ideas we express with the terms \u201cmasculine\u201d and \u201cfeminine.\u201d Examples?<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"style1\">the <em>meaning<\/em> of &#8220;sex&#8221; <\/span>within a particular cultural\/historical context<\/li>\n<li>Extends far beyond physiological sex to <a href=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/?page_id=593\">inanimate objects<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dynamic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span class=\"style1\">Gender markers<\/span> include<span class=\"style1\">:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>clothes<a href=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/SittingPakistani.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1238 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/SittingPakistani-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"Pakistani woman at protest holding sign of woman sitting spread-legged\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/SittingPakistani-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/SittingPakistani.jpg 603w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li>colors<\/li>\n<li>hairstyle<\/li>\n<li>activity (watching baby, loading trucks)<\/li>\n<li>earrings\/jewelry<\/li>\n<li>body language<\/li>\n<li>occupation<\/li>\n<li>Behaviors: walk, hug, cry, sit, talk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Notice: Body hair might be a sex characteristic, but how we deal with it is gendered.<\/p>\n<p>Gender Fluidity as Threat <a href=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nogenfluidityNTexas2022.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1644\" src=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nogenfluidityNTexas2022.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"50\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nogenfluidityNTexas2022.jpg 680w, https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nogenfluidityNTexas2022-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nogenfluidityNTexas2022-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>The Hyde thesis<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Gender is hard to identify because it feels \u201cnatural\u201d:\u00a0 \u00a0 What is natural? What is biological? What is cultural?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/images\/sexdiffs.jpg\" alt=\"Sex differences\" width=\"779\" height=\"585\" \/><br \/>\nJanet Hyde, 7084 studies, 124 measures of possible difference-thoughts, feelings, behavior, intellectual abilities, comm styles, happiness, well-being, personality traits<\/p>\n<h3>Gender is <span class=\"style1\"><strong>Dynamic <\/strong><\/span>\u2013 constantly changing<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u201c<span class=\"style1\">Doing gender<\/span>\u201d<\/strong> &#8211; we do\/perform our gender everyday.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"style1\">Agency<\/span> &#8211; our own experience, model, teacher&#8230;<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"style1\">Gender Socialization<\/span><\/strong> &#8211; \u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/?page_id=601\">colors<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>\u2013 A lifelong process by which we learn and integrate ideas of gender, differing by age, environment, culture, etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Where do we learn gender<span class=\"style1\">?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"guess\">Parents, family, <a href=\"..\/images\/gender\/siblingstoys.jpg\">siblings<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"guess\">School<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"guess\">Religion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"guess\">Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"guess\">Friends\/peers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Theories <\/span>of Gender<\/strong> &#8211; <em>why <\/em>are men and women different?<\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"style1\">Essentialism<\/span> &#8211;<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"guess\">Gender is inherent, an essential difference.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"guess\">Religious source: \u201cGod made us male and female\u201d (did God?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"guess\">Historically, a primary explanation, conflating sex and gender<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"guess\">Increasingly disproven, yet remains overwhelmingly popular<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"style1\">Social constructionism<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Gender is created by culture and society.<\/li>\n<li>We learn to be girls\/boys.<\/li>\n<li>Exists only inasmuch as we created it, somewhat arbitrary.<\/li>\n<li>Recent science, social science shifting away from essentialist toward social constructionist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>And yet, this model is simplistic &#8211;<\/h3>\n<p>Some of the most interesting work in between the two poles\u2013brain differences because of social behavior, etc. Where does biology end and gender begin?<\/p>\n<p>How does the brain process differential gender behavior?<\/p>\n<p>The math\/science conundrum<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Susana L. Gallardo Lecture notes:\u00a0 Sex &amp; Gender rev. 1\/2020 What&#8217;s the difference between sex &amp; gender? What are &#8220;traditional&#8221; ideas of gender? What are different theories of gender? Where do we see ideas of gender changing? What does it mean to &#8220;do gender&#8221;? Why does that matter? Sex A biological, physiological category. Scientifically [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":211,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-589","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=589"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1645,"href":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/589\/revisions\/1645"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prof.chicanas.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}